Timeline of Genocide Incidents in the Northern Goldfields Region
CONTENT WARNING: Many of the primary sources linked on this timeline contain racist language or sentiment and graphic accounts of settler-colonial violence against indigenous people.
| Appx.* | Date | Number killed
|
Location | Source | Source files |
| III | ~April 5, 1846 | 120 – 1,000 | Close to Reading’s Rancho | Breckenridge, “Memoirs,” Folder 4, 56; Martin, “Narrative,” 14; Tustin, “Recollections,” 4-5 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0651b.pdf
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| III | Between October 30 and December 21, 1849 | 23 | East of the confluence between Rock Creek and the Sacramento River | Kelly, Excursion to California, 2:126, 142-148, 153 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0662a.pdf |
| III | About December 4, 1849 | ~20 | Upper Sacramento River Valley, ~12 miles north of Clear Creek | Hale, December 27, 1849 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0664a.pdf |
| III | January 1 or 2, 1850 | 17 | “east side Sacramento” | Hale, January 2, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 4 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0669a.pdf |
| I | Between January 31 and February 10, 1850 | 5 | Upper Sacramento River, probably on the river’s east side | Hale, February 10, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 4 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0013a.pdf |
| II | Before February 22, 1850 | 2 | Between Clear Creek and Cottonwood Creek, less than 20 miles south of Clear Creek | Hale, February 22, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 4 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0115a.pdf |
| II | Before June 29, 1850 | 4 | In the mountains two days ride from Redding | Weekly Placer Times, June 29, 1850, 2 | |
| III | July, 1850 | 5+ | Near mouth of Shasta River | Wells, History of Siskiyou, 121-122 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0690a.pdf |
| III | Before August 10, 1850 | 9 | “headwaters of the Trinity and [Shasta] rivers” | Hale, August 10, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 7 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0693a.pdf |
| I | Before August 14, 1850 | 5 | Klamath River | Hale, August 24, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 6 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0024a.pdf |
| III | ~Mid-August, 1850 | 24 | “mouth of the Salmon River on the Klamath” River (Somes Bar) | Sacramento Daily Transcript, October 11, 1850, 2, reprinted in DAC, October 13, 1850, 2; Marysville Herald, October 18, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0695.pdf |
| II | September 8, 1850 | 2 | Beaver River Diggings (Probably Scott River as it was originally called Beaver River) | Hale, September 8, 1850 journal entry in Hale Papers, Diary 8 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0132a.pdf |
| I | “Fall of 1850” | 8 | Trinity County | Menefee, Historical and Descriptive Sketch Book, 23 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0025a.jpg |
| II | April?, 1851 | 1 | At or near Yreka | Ross, “Narrative of an Indian Fighter,” 23 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0149a.pdf |
| III | Before April 17, 1851 | ~30 | “near Cottonwood” | Curtis in SDU, April 18, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0715.pdf |
| III | Before April 28, 1851 | 40 | “on the Coast Range….about thirty-five miles ” west of the Upper Sacramento River and “Leonard’s Rancho, about one hundred and twenty miles” north of Sacramento | Sacramento Transcript, April 28, 1851, 3, reprinted in Marysville Herald, May 3, 1851, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0716.pdf |
| II | May, 1851 | 4 | Klamath River | T.J.R., May 30, 1851 in DAC, July 2, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0156a.jpg |
| III | Before May 2, 1851 | 14 | Between Big Bar, and the Sacramento River | A.T., May 2, 1851 in Marysville Herald, May 10, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0719.pdf |
| I | ND, 1851 | 5 | Probably near Wingate’s Bar, downstream from Happy Camp on the Klamath River | Anonymous, Memorial and Biographical History of Northern California, Illustrated, 131 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0027a.jpg |
| III | July 6, 1851 | 60 – 80+ | West side of Sacramento River, “some twenty miles from this place” (Shasta) | French, July 6, 1851 in Marysville Herald, July 22, 1851 in DAC, July 23, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0724.pdf |
| III | About June 16, 1851 | 14 – 15 | “eastern side of the Sacramento River,” probably near Churn Creek | Hine in DAC, June 27, 1851, 2; Reading to Wozencraft, June 28, 1851, in SDU, July 12, 1851, 2 and DAC, July 14, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0721.pdf |
| III | Between July 6 and July 15, 1851 | ~50+ | Near Shasta? | French, July 15, 1851 in Marysville Herald, July 22, 1851 in DAC, July 23, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0725.pdf |
| III | Before July 16, 1851 | ~20+ | Near Shasta | French, July 16, 1851 in Marysville Herald, July 22, 1851 in DAC, July 23, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0726.pdf |
| I | Late July, 1851 | 5 | “About twelve miles up the [Klamath] river” from Happy Camp | Wells, History of Siskiyou County, 128 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0032a.pdf |
| III | Before July 21, 1851 | 8 | Near Sly Park, Stringtown, and Coloma | Winn to McDougal, July 21, 1851 in DAC, July 25 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0727.pdf |
| III | June 29, 1851 | ~20 | About 30 miles west of Sears and Swift’s Ranch Upper Sacramento ranch | G.R.S., July 1, 1851 in Marysville Herald, July 17, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0722.pdf |
| II | August (?), 1851 | 2 | “north of the head of Salt creek, about 30 miles from Dye’s.” | Dye in SDU, August 16, 1851, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0167a.jpg |
| I | Before October 29, 1851 | 3 | “Big Bottom,” almost certainly modern-day Seiad Valley | Gibbs in Schoolcraft, ed., Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge, 3:157 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0034a.pdf |
| II | February 20-21, 1852 | 2 | Cottonwood Creek region | Roop, March 1, 1852 in SDU, February 28, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0180a.jpg |
| II | February 20-21, 1852 | 2 | Reading’s Ranch | Roop, March 1, 1852 in SDU, February 28, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0181a.jpg |
| III | February 21, 1852 | ~30 | “Cottonwood Indians” | Taylor in SDU, February 28, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0737.pdf |
| II | March, 1852 | 1 | Happy Camp | McKee in DAC, April 5, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0184a.jpg |
| II | ~April 1, 1852 | 1 | Stingtown, Butte County | DAC, April 16, 1852, 2; SDU, April 15, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0186b.jpg
|
| III | Before April 13, 1852 | 40 | Trinity County | SDU, April 13, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0740.pdf |
| II | Before April 20, 1852 | 1 | Stringtown, Butte County | California Express in SDU, April 20, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0188a.jpg |
| III | April 23, 1852 | 140 – 300 | Bridge Gulch, near Hayfork on South Fork of the Trinity River | Letter, April 25, 1852 in Shasta Courier in SDU, May 3, 1852, 3; Buck to Bradley, June 9, 1852, Franklin Augustus Buck Papers, Box 1, HL; Shasta Courier in SDU, May 3, 1852, 2 and Nevada Journal, May 8, 1852, 2; DAC, April 5, April 25, May 4, 1852, 2; Cox, Annals of Trinity County, 115; Stacer paraphrased in Golden Era, November 15, 1879, 3; Knapp, “Old Californian’s Pioneer Story, Part II,” 508; Brown (tawin thewis) summarized in McKibben summarized in Shriner, Thunder up the Creek, To-Mo-Kus Waket Awl-Wa-Mem, 237; McKibbin, Shepherd, ed., In My Own Words, 15 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0741.pdf
http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0741b.pdf
|
| III | Spring, 1852 | 40 | 35 miles from Yreka toward Salmon River | Barry, Up and Down, 126-128 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0739a.pdf |
| III | Before May 10, 1852 | ~30 | “on the Klamath” | DAC, May 10, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0742.pdf |
| III | Before May 10, 1852 | ~70 | “on the Trinity” | DAC, May 10, 1852, 2 | |
| II | 1852 | 1 | “Freetown, on the north fork of Humbug creek” in Siskiyou County | Wells, History of Siskiyou County, 105 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0176a.pdf |
| II | Before June 27, 1852 | 1 | Near Orleans | Whaley to Governor, June 27, 1852, IWP, F3753:196 | |
| II | Before July 12, 1852 | 2 | Scott Valley | Petitioners to Governor, July 12, 1852, IWP F3753:197 | |
| II | July 12, 1852 | 3 | “a short distance” from Yreka | Fenelon to Friend Courier, July 12, 1852 in Shasta Courier, July 24, 1852, 1; in NARA, RG75, M234, Reel 33:921-922 | |
| III | July 12, 1852 | 14 | Scott’s Valley, near Yreka | Shasta Courier, July 17, 1852 in SDU, July 19, 1852, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0747.pdf |
| II | Mid-July, 1852 | 2 | Yreka | Courier in SDU, July 29, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0207a.jpg |
| II | July 20, 1852 | 1 | “head of Shasta Valley” | B.A.R. in Shasta Courier in SDU, July 29, 1852, 2; Transcript, August 7, 1852 in Nevada Journal, August 14, 1852, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0210a.jpg |
| II | July 24, 1852 | 1 | “Star Ranch” in Scott Valley | Shasta Courier in SDU, August 3, 1852, 3; Transcript, August 7, 1852 in Nevada Journal, August 14, 1852, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0211a.jpg |
| II | Before July 25, 1852 | 3 | Scott Valley? | Transcript, August 7, 1852 in Nevada Journal, August 14, 1852, 1. This may be the same killing described as having taken place before July 12, 1852 in Scott Valley | |
| II | August 22, 1852 | 2 | Near Fort Reading. Six miles east of the Sacramento River? | Miner, SDU, August 26, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0214a.jpg |
| III | Late September, 1852 | 15 | Clear Creek and Cottonwood Creek region? | SDU, October 4, 1852, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0749.pdf |
| II | February 23, 1853 | 1 | Redding’s Ranch, Shasta County | Gonzales-Day, Lynching in the West, 212 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0227a.pdf |
| II | March, 1853 | 3 | “Indian Creek,” between Salmon Creek and the Trinity River | J.R. in SDU, March 29, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0232a.pdf |
| II | Before March 13, 1853 | 4 | “Indian Creek” between Salmon Creek and the Trinity River | J.R., March 13 in SDU, March 29, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0231a.pdf |
| II | March 22, 1853 | 1 | Near Cottonwood | Shasta Courier, March 26, 1853, 2; DAC, March 30, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0234b.jpg |
| II | March 23, 1853 | 1 | Reading’s Ranch | Shasta Courier, March 26, 1853, 2; DAC, March 30, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0235b.jpg |
| II | March 29, 1853 | 1 | Reading’s Ranch | Shasta Courier, April 2, 1853, 2 | |
| II | Late April, 1853 | 3 | “the head of Clay Bank Creek, 75 miles in the mountains” near Red Bluff | SDU, May 7, 1853, 2; SDU, April 30, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0241a.jpg
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| III | The week prior to April 23, 1853 | 10 – 15 | Near Cottonwood | Shasta Courier, April 23, 18532; SDU, April 27, 1853, 2 | |
| II | Late April or early May, 1853 | 2 | Fort Reading | Shasta Courier in DAC, May 10, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0242a.jpg |
| II | June, 1853 | 1 | “Siskiyou” | Mountain Herald in DAC, June 28, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0244a.jpg |
| III | 1853 | 7 – 8 | Hayfork | Cox, Annals of Trinity, 122 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0756a.jpg |
| III | Late July or early August, 1853 | 5 – 6 | “near the Mountain House” in Scott’s Valley | Yreka Mountain Herald Extra, August 7, 1853, scrap, BL; Hutchings, January 20, 1855 journal entry in Hutchings, Hutchings Diary, 17 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0764b.jpg |
| II | August, 1853 | 1 | Trinity River | Shasta Courier in DAC, August 23, 1853, 1; Nevada Journal, August 26, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0247a.jpg |
| III | Before August 18, 1853 | 5 | “not…above four miles from” Yreka | Thronbury in SDU, August 18, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0766.pdf |
| II | Late November, 1853 | 2 | On the Trinity River | Shasta Courier, November 26, 1853, 2 reprinted in SDU, November 29, 1853, 2; Nevada Journal, December 2, 1853, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0255a.jpg |
| II | Before February 7, 1854 | 1 – 1+ | Klamath River | Callen to Bidwell, February 7, 1854 in Bidwell Collection, Box 128, Folder 57 | |
| III | March 25, 1854 | 60 – 70 | Yreka Pass | Marysville Express, March 28, 1854 in SDU, March 29, 1854, 3; Willer in DAC, March 29, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0784.pdf |
| I | April, 1854 | 10 | Shasta Valley | Yreka Herald in DAC, May 1, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0044a.jpg |
| II | Late April, 1854 | 4 | Trinity River | Yreka Herald in DAC, May 1, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0268a.pdf |
| I | Late April or early May, 1854 | 3 | Trinity River | Shasta Courier in DAC, May 15, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0046a.jpg |
| II | May, 1854 | 4 | Doll’s Ranch, Trinity River | Shasta Courier, May 13, 1854, 2; SDU, May 20, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0269b.jpg |
| II | May, 1854 | 3 | “headwaters of Clear Creek” | Shasta Courier in SDU, May 20, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0270a.jpg |
| II | May, 1854 | 3 | Headwaters of Clear Creek | Shasta Courier in SDU, May 20, 1854, 2 | |
| III | 1854 | 11 (“mostly women and children”) | Yreka | Bailey Diary in Smith, History of Del Norte County, 39 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0789a.jpg |
| I | November 22, 1854 | 3 | East of Churn Town | Shasta Courier, November 25, 1854, 2; DAC, November 30, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0048b.jpg |
| II | The week prior to December 16, 1854 | 1 | “a Chinese camp, on Flat Creek” | Shasta Courier, December 16, 1854, 2; SDU, December 18, 1854, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0287b.jpg |
| I | January 16, 1855 | 3 | Near Orleans Bar | Fletcher in DAC, February 20, 1855, 2. Note: this number is not part of the total presented at the bottom of this appendix as it is included in Appendix III. | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0051a.jpg |
| I | Before March 22, 1855 | 4 | Klamath River Region | Wool to Thomas, April 11, 1855, S. Exec. Doc. 1, Pt 2, 34th Congress, 1st Session, 1855, serial 811, 75. | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0052a.pdf |
| II | Before March 22, 1855 | 1 | Klamath River region | Wool to Thomas,April 11, 1855, S. Exec. Doc. 1, Part 2, 34th Cong., 1st session, 1855, serial 811, 75 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0293a.pdf |
| II | Before April 21, 1855 | 1 | on the Klamath River | HT, April 21, 1855, 2 | |
| III | May, 1855 | 13+ | Main Cow Creek | Chalfant, “Cow Creek Massacre” in Morning Call, January 4, 1885, 1 | |
| II | Before May 15, 1855 | 2 | Near South Fork of Cottonwood | Shasta Courier in DAC, May 15, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0295a.jpg |
| II | Before May 26, 1855 | 2 | “at the mouth of Salmon” River | HT, May 26, 1855, 2; SDU, May 31, 1855, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0297b.jpg |
| I | 1850s | 3 | “a rocky retreat near Castle Crags” | Curtis, North American Indian, 14:76 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0010a.gif |
| III | July, 1855 | 5 | “Hamburgh Bar” | Yreka Union in SDU, August 9, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0800.pdf |
| I | Late July, 1855 | 20 | Klamath River region | Yreka Union in SDU, August 9, 1855, 2. Note: this number is not part of the total presented at the bottom of this appendix as it is included in Appendix III. | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0053a.jpg |
| II | July 30, 1855 | 3 | “on the Klamath” | HT, August 11, 1855, 2 | |
| II | July 30 or 31, 1855 | 2 | Yreka | Rev. R.B. Stratton, July 30, 1855 in Shasta Courier, August 4, 1855, 2 and SDU, August 6, 1855, 2; Yreka Union in SDU, August 9, 1855, 2; HT, August 11, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0303a.jpg
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| III | July 31, 1855 | 6 | Humbug | Yreka Union in SDU, August 9, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0801.pdf |
| II | Before August 11, 1855 | 2 | “near Castle Rock” | Shasta Courier, August 11, 1855, 2. Note: it is possible that this is the same killing noted above as having taken place “near Castle Rock” | |
| II | Before August 4, 1855 | 2 – 4 | “near Castle Rock” | Bradbury in Shasta Courier, August 4, 1855, 2 | |
| II | September 10, 1855 | 1 | Dog Creek | Shasta Courier in SDU, September 11, 1855, 3 and Marysville Herald, September 13, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0310b.jpg |
| III | Before October 31, 1855 | ~25 | Summary of Indians killed in the Humbug War near Scott and Klamath Rivers | Walling and Munro-Fraser, Illustrated History of Lane County, 238. This appears to be a substantial undercount. | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0804a.pdf |
| II | After October 31, 1855 | 2 | Yreka | Wells, History of Siskiyou County, 141 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0312a.pdf |
| II | November 19, 1855 | 1 | “the mouth of Salmon” River | Correspondent to Shasta Republican, in DAC, December 10, 1855, 3; VIRGIL to Editors in Shasta Republican, December 8, 1855, 3; Shasta Republican, January 5, 1856, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0313a.jpg |
| II | Before November 29, 1855 | 1 | “Siskiyou county” | SDU, November 29, 1855, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0314a.jpg |
| III | Week before January 12, 1856 | 5 | “Trinity River, near Robinson’s…on the road leading from Shasta to Yreka” | Shasta Courier, January 12, 1856, 2 in DAC, January 15, 1856, 2, SDU, January 15, 1856, 2, and Nevada Journal, January 18, 1856, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0807.pdf |
| II | March, 1856 | 1 | Canal Gulch | Yreka Union in DAC, March 21, 1856, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0320a.jpg |
| III | April 20, 1856 | 7 | “Indian Creek” near Happy Camp | Letter in HT, May 10, 1856, 2 | |
| I | April 21, 1856 | 3 | “Indian Creek” near Happy Camp | HT, May 10, 1856, 2 | |
| II | November or December, 1856 | 1 | Somewhere near Shasta | Shasta Republican, December 15, 1856 in SDU, December 19, 1856, 2; Butte Record, December 20, 1856, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0339.pdf |
| II | Before April 10, 1857 | 0 – 1 | Dixon’s Bar, Trinity River | SDU, April 8, 1856, 3; DAC, April 10, 1857, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0346a.pdf
http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0346b.pdf
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| II | April 12, 1857 | 1 | Fox in Yreka Union in Butte Record, May 2, 1857, 3 | ||
| III | 1857 (?) | 40 | “Trinity river” | SDU, April 8, 1857, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0834.pdf |
| II | July 24, 1857 | 1 | Yreka Union in Shasta Republican, August 8, 1857, 2; SDU, August 5, 1857, 2 | ||
| II | Before September 26, 1857 | 1 | “on Battle Creek” near present-day Redding | Shasta Republican, September 26, 1857, 2 | |
| III | November 17, 1857 | 10 – 20 | Klamath Reservation | Hyatt, November 23, 1857 in Crescent City Herald, December 2, 1857, 2, reprinted in DAC, December 6, 1857, 1; Crook, November 24 in Crook, General George Crook, 57; Mathews, Parris, and Stephens in HT, November 28, 1857, 2; Bledsoe, Indian Wars, 224-225 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0844b.pdf |
| II | March 7, 1858 | 1 | “Hawkinsville, Siskiyou county” | DAC, March 22, 1858, 1; Siskiyou Chronicle in SDU, March 13, 1858, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0378.pdf |
| II | March 19, 1858 | 1 | Orleans Bar | HT, March 27, 1858, 2, also in DAC, April 4, 1858, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0380.pdf |
| III | Before July 31, 1858 | ~20 – 30 | Upper Sacramento River Valley and its tributaries | Shasta Courier, July 31, 1858 in SDU, August 3, 1858, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0857.pdf |
| II | September 27, 1858 | 1 | Greenhorn (near Yreka?) | Yreka Union, September 30, 1858 in Butte Record, October 9, 1858, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0402.pdf |
| II | May 21, 1859 | 1 | Red Bluff | Telegram in SDU, May 23, 1859, 2; DAC, May 24, 1859, 1; Shasta Republican, May 28, 1859, 2 | |
| II | June 29, 1859 | 2 | Yreka | Telegram in DAC, July 4, 1859, 1; HT, July 16, 1859, 2; SDU, July 1, 1859, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0426.pdf |
| II | August 24, 1859 | 1 | Yreka? | Telegram in SDU, August 29, 1859, 2; DAC, August 30, 1859, 2; DEB, August 31, 1859, 3; Weekly Trinity Journal, September 3, 1859, 1 | |
| II | Before April 22, 1860 | 1 | “in the vicinity of Happy Camp” | Yreka correspondent to Nevada Democrat, April 22, 1860 in DAC, May 4, 1860, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0447.pdf |
| II | September 13, 1860 | 2 | Near Fort Jones, Scott Valley | Telegram in SDU, September 14, 1860, 2; Yreka Journal, September 20, 1860, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0462.pdf |
| II | March 5, 1861 | 1 | “Dry Creek, in Shasta county” | Shasta Courier in DEB, March 23, 1861, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0475.pdf |
| II | Before June 22, 1861 | 3 | “on Hay Fork,” Trinity County | HT, June 22, 1861, 3 | |
| II | Before September 26, 1861 | 1 | “the camp at Jelly’s Ranch” | Red Bluff Beacon, September 26, 1861, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0493.pdf |
| III | Before August 13, 1861 | 1 – 29 | Ketcupomene | Ham to Douglas City Gazette in SDU, August 13, 1861, 3 | |
| III | Before August 20, 1861 | 5 | Near Hayfork? | SDU, August 20, 1861, 1 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0959.pdf |
| II | July 20, 1862 | 1 | “Canal Gulch, Siskiyou county” | SDU, July 26, 1862, 4 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0521.pdf |
| III | Before August 4, 1862 | 11 | Near Stony Creek | Red Bluff Independent, August 4, 1862 in Heizer, They Were Only Diggers, 56; Red Bluff Independent in Marysville Appeal, August 7, 1862, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0980.pdf |
| II | Before December 18, 1862 | 1 | Near Red Bluff | SDU, December 18, 1862, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0530.pdf |
| III | January 9, 1863 | 11+ (including “some” women) | Ball Creek | HT, January 17, 1863, 2 | |
| II | February 15, 1863 (?) | 2 | Jelley’s Ranch | Red Bluff Independent, February 14(?), 1863 in SDU, February 27, 1863, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0532.pdf |
| II | Before September 30, 1863 | 2 | Weaverville | Father O’Reilly in Red Bluff Beacon, September 30, 1863, 2 | |
| II | Before October 7, 1863 | 2 | “near Weaverville” (possibly the same event as above) | Marysville Appeal, October 7, 1863, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0561.pdf |
| II | November 13, 1863 | 2 | Near “Thomas Ranch” and “Big Bar and South Fork of Trinity” | WOR, 1:50:1, 240; HT, November 21, 1863, 3 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0564a.pdf |
| III | November 17, 1863 | 5 – 7 | Near Willow Creek | WOR, 1:50:1, 421; HT, November 28, 1863, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i1009a.pdf |
| II | Before January 18, 1864 | 2+ | Near “Cecilville, in South Fork, on Salmon river” | Dispatch, January 19, 1864 in SDU, January 22, 1864, 2; Neely, January 22, 1864 in HT, January 30, 1864, 2; dispatch, January 18, 1864 in Yreka Semi-Weekly Union, January 23, 1864, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0568.pdf |
| II | Before February 18, 1864 | 3 | “on Salmon river” | Telegram, February 18, 1864 in Daily Evening Bulletin, February 19, 1864, 3 | |
| II | Before February 24, 1864 | 1 | “on Salmon river” | Yreka Semi-Weekly Union, February 24, 1864, 2 | |
| II | Before April 30, 1864 | 1 | “Hamburg Bar, Scott river” | SDU, April 30, 1864, 2 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0578.pdf |
| III | Before May 21, 1864 | 11 | Trinity Region | HT, May 21, 1864, 3 | |
| III | May 23, 1864 | 11+ | “on the Trinity Border” | Geer to Thomas, May 25, 1864, WOR, 1:50:1, 294; Powell summarized in Weekly Trinity Journal, June 4, 1864, 2, reprinted in SDU, June 7, 1864, 3. For location see WOR, 1:50:1, 305 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i1017.pdf
|
| II | May 28, 1864 | 4 | Near Trinity river | WOR, 1:50:1, 284 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i0580a.pdf |
| III | September or October, 1864 | ~20 | “town of Cottonwood” | Curtin, Creation Myths, 519 | http://nahc.ca.gov/webmaster/atlas/evidence/i1022a.pdf |
| III | October 3, 1864 | ~8 | West Side of the Sacramento | Shasta Courier, October 8, 1864, 2, reprinted in SDU, October 10, 1864, 5 | |
| II | July 7, 1865 | 3 | Red Bluff | Red Bluff Independent, July 10, 1865 in SDU, July 13, 1865, 2; Shasta Courier, July 15, 1865, 2 | |
| II | Before November 18, 1865 | 1 | “North Fork of Cottonwood” | HT, November 18, 1865, 2 | |
| II | August 16, 1867 | 1 | Shasta | Shasta Courier, August 16, 1867, 2 | |
| II | Before December 14, 1867 | 1 | “upper Sacramento” region | Shasta Courier, December 14, 1867, 2 | |
| II | Before December 19, 1868 | 1 | “Shore’s mills” | Yreka Union, December 19, 1868 in Sentinel, December 26, 1868, 2 |
TOTAL ESTIMATED NUMBER KILLED IN REGION: 1,387-2,518
*Appendix (Appx.) refers to the reference’s location in:
Benjamin Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016.
For full bibliographical references please refer to the text or Atlas credits & references
Abbreviations used in timeline:
DAC: Daily Alta Californian newspaper (San Francisco)
DEB: Daily Evening Bulletin newspaper (San Francisco)
HL: Huntington Library
HT: Humboldt Times
IWP: California Adjutant General’s Office, Military Department, Adjutant General, Indian War Papers F3753
NARA: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
RG75, M234: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, “Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-80”
SDU Sacramento Daily Union newspaper
WOR U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 4 series, 130 volumes. Series 1, volume 50, part 1 [WOR 1:50:1], etc.
For full bibliographical references please refer to the text or Atlas credits & references